The financial statements are presented in South African Rand and all values are rounded to the nearest million (Rm), except where otherwise indicated, and have been prepared on a going concern basis.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods, if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The key assumptions concerning the future and key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, relates to the following:

Inventory obsolescence provision

The Group determines whether there is obsolete inventory on a continuous basis. This requires an estimation of the expected future saleability of inventory items based on historical experience, an analysis of market and fashion trends and a review of the ageing of the inventory items. Details pertaining to carrying values and write-offs are provided in note 19.

Classification of leased land and buildings

Underpinning the retail network is an extensive property portfolio. The Group derives important strategic advantage by supporting its brands with high-profile prime sites that ensure stores are easily accessible, well presented and maintained, and contribute to an aspirational shopping experience. The Group leases certain properties it owns to its franchisees. The leased properties do not generate cash flows largely independently of other assets of the Group, as rental income is directly linked to the franchise agreement and does not account for the significant portion of income generated from the franchise agreement.

In determining whether these properties are classified as investment property or property, plant and equipment, the Group considers the following factors:

• As part of the franchise agreement, a franchisee enters into a lease agreement with the Group for the property from which it will operate its business. As a result, the lease agreement is considered to be part of the franchise agreement rather than a standalone lease agreement;
• Rental income is based on a percentage of the turnover generated by the franchisee; and
• The leased property also facilitates the generation of other franchise income for the Group, including royalty income through use of trademarks, IT fees through use of IT infrastructure, and other operational-related fees such as human resource fees. These income streams are based on turnover generated by the franchisee.

The above considerations indicate that the Group retains significant exposure to the variation in the cash flows generated by the operations of the properties. As such, these leased properties are accounted for as property, plant and equipment.

Residual values and useful lives of buildings

The Group depreciates its buildings to estimated residual values over an estimated useful life. These estimates are reviewed annually by the Group at each reporting period with reference to expected usage of the buildings, expected physical wear and tear, and current market values. Details of residual values and useful lives are disclosed in note 1.11.

Impairment of tangible assets

The Group determines whether any of the tangible assets are impaired at each reporting date. This requires consideration of the current and future economic and trading environment; available valuation information and the physical state of the tangible assets, to ascertain if there are indications of impairment to those owned by the Group.

Share-based payments

The Group measures the cost of equity-settled transactions by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments at the date at which they are granted. Estimating fair value requires determining the most appropriate valuation model for a grant of equity instruments, which is dependent on the terms and conditions of the grant. This also requires determining the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model. The assumptions and models used are disclosed in note 6.

Control of franchisees

The Group does not include franchised stores in its consolidated results as it has assessed its rights over franchised stores to be protective in nature (to preserve the franchised brands), with the holder of the franchise rights (the franchisees) having the ability to direct the franchised store operations and activities. In addition, financial support to franchisees over and above arm’s length trading terms for supply of product and services is limited, as is the Group’s exposure to variability of returns and profitability of the franchised stores (franchise fees are not dependent on the returns made by franchisees).

Subsidiaries are those companies in which the Group has the power to exercise control over. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power of the investee. The results of subsidiaries are included from the effective dates of acquisition, being the dates on which the Group obtains control, until the dates that control ceases. The identifiable assets and liabilities of companies acquired are assessed and included in the statement of financial position at their fair values as at the effective dates of acquisition.

The Group reassesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the statement of comprehensive income from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

All intragroup balances, transactions, unrealised gains and losses resulting from intragroup transactions and dividends are eliminated in full.

All companies in the Group maintain consistent accounting policies and have the same year ends.

Non-controlling interests represent the portion of profit or loss and net assets not held by the Group and are presented separately in the statement of comprehensive income and within equity in the consolidated statement of financial position, separately from equity attributable to equity holders of the parent. Non-controlling interests are not fair valued post-acquisition.

Losses within a subsidiary are attributed to the non-controlling interest even if that results in a deficit balance.

A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction. If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it:

• derecognises the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary;
• derecognises the carrying amount of any non-controlling interest;
• derecognises the cumulative translation differences, recorded in equity;
• recognises the fair value of the consideration received;
• recognises the fair value of any investment retained;
• recognises any surplus or deficit in profit or loss; and
• reclassifies the parent’s share of components previously recognised in other comprehensive income to profit or loss or retained earnings, as appropriate.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost and represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the Group’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquired entity at the date of acquisition.

Following initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost, less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill carried in the statement of financial position is not amortised. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently, if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

As at the acquisition date, any goodwill acquired is allocated to each of the cash-generating units (“CGUs”) expected to benefit from the acquisition. Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the CGU, to which the goodwill relates.

Where the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised. Where goodwill forms part of the cash-generating unit and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the operation disposed of, is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal of that operation. Goodwill disposed of in this circumstance is measured on the basis of the relative values of the operation disposed of and the portion of the CGU which is retained.

Common control reserve

Common control transactions are accounted for using the pooling of interest method with the difference between the carrying amount and consideration recognised in a separate reserve in equity. A business combination is a common control combination if the combining entities are ultimately controlled by the same party (or parties) both before and after the combination.

The carrying value of the subsidiaries is reviewed for impairment at every reporting date. Where necessary, the value of the investment is impaired to the greater of the fair value less costs of disposal or the value in use.

The difference between the net proceeds on disposal and the carrying amount of investments is charged to profit or loss in the statement of comprehensive income.

The classification possibilities, which are adopted by the Group, as applicable, are as follows:
Financial assets which are equity instruments:

• mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial assets which are debt instruments:

• Amortised cost
  This category applies only when the contractual terms of the instrument give rise, on specified dates, to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on principal, and where the instrument is held under a business model whose objective is met by holding the instrument to collect contractual cash flows; or
• Mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss
  This classification automatically applies to all debt instruments which do not qualify as at amortised cost or at fair value through comprehensive income; or
• Designated at fair value through profit or loss
  This classification option can be applied when it eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.

Derivatives which are not part of a hedging relationship:

• mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities:

• amortised cost; or
• mandatorily at fair value through profit or loss This applies to contingent consideration in a business combination or to liabilities which are held for trading; or
• designated at fair value through profit or loss This classification option can be applied when it eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch; the liability forms part of a group of financial instruments managed on a fair value basis; or it forms part of a contract containing an embedded derivative and the entire contract is designated as at fair value through profit or loss.

Note 33 financial instruments and risk management presents the financial instruments held by the Group based on their specific classifications.

The specific accounting policies for the classification, recognition and measurement of each type of financial instrument held by the Group are presented below:

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded by the Group entities at their respective functional currency rates prevailing at the date of the transaction.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the functional currency spot rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date.

All differences, including tax effects, are taken to profit or loss.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

The Group has investments in foreign subsidiary companies which are classified as foreign operations with functional currencies that are different to that of the Group. The financial statements of these subsidiaries are translated for incorporation into the Group financial statements as follows:

• assets and liabilities at the rates ruling at the reporting date;
• statement of comprehensive income items at a weighted average rate for the period;
• cash flow items at a weighted average rate for the period; and
• equity items at the appropriate historical rate.

Exchange differences are taken directly to a foreign currency translation reserve which is disclosed in other comprehensive income in the statement of comprehensive income. On disposal of a foreign entity, the deferred cumulative amount recognised in other comprehensive income, relating to that particular foreign entity, is recognised in profit or loss.

All plant and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment, if any.

Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis estimated to write each asset down to estimated residual value over the term of its useful life at the following annual rates:

Depreciation is calculated to write off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment less their estimated residual values using the straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation is generally recognised in profit or loss, unless the amount is included in the carrying amount of another asset. Land and capital work in progress is not depreciated.

Computer equipment, computer software, furniture and fittings are included as part of office equipment and are depreciated over three to five years.

Capital work in progress has useful life and a residual value of zero as it is not yet ready for its intended use.

The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any such indication exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. Where the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pretax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair value less costs of disposal, an appropriate valuation model is used. All repairs and maintenance are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income as incurred.

Impairment losses of continuing operations are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in those expense categories consistent with the function of the impaired asset. In addition, an assessment is made at each reporting date as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such indication exists, the Group makes an estimate of the recoverable amount. A previously recognised impairment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. If that is the case the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount. That increased amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognised upon disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains and losses on derecognition of assets are determined by reference to their carrying amount and the net disposal proceeds and are taken to the statement of comprehensive income in the year the asset is derecognised.

Manufacturing

Cost includes expenditure incurred in acquiring, manufacturing and transporting the inventory to its present location. Manufacturing costs include an allocated portion of production overheads which are directly attributable to the cost of manufacturing such inventory. The allocation is determined based on the normal production capacity.

Cost is determined as follows:

Aged and discontinued finished goods, slow moving consumable stores and obsolete raw materials are identified on a regular basis and are written down to their estimated net realisable value.

Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss. Current tax items relating to other comprehensive income are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Deferred income tax

Deferred income tax is provided on the liability method, on recognised temporary differences at tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on the tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, other than in the circumstances described below. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, carry-forward or unused tax assets and unused tax losses can be utilised, other than in the circumstances described below. Furthermore, deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date.

The carrying amount is reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilised. Any such reduction shall be reversed to the extent that it becomes probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised where they arise from goodwill arising on acquisition or from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss. Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Offset of tax assets and liabilities The Group offsets tax assets and liabilities if and only if it has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets and current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied on the same entity by the same tax authority.

Value added tax (“VAT”)

Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of the amount of VAT except:

• where the VAT incurred on a purchase of assets or services is not recoverable from the taxation authority, in which case the VAT is recognised as part of the cost of acquisition of the asset or as part of the expense items, as applicable; and
• receivables and payables that are stated with the amount of VAT included.

The net amount of VAT recoverable from, or payable to, the taxation authority is included as part of other receivables or other payables in the statement of financial position.

Dividend withholding tax

Dividend withholding tax is imposed on shareholders at a rate of 20% on the receipt of dividends, and is withheld and paid to taxation authorities by the Company paying the dividend. By election, the Group is exempt from dividend withholding tax on its dividend receipts, except for certain consolidated entities which hold treasury shares. The dividend withholding tax for such entities is included in the Group’s taxation expense.

The lease liability is measured at the present value of lease payments not paid at commencement date. The Group uses the rate implicit in the lease and if that cannot be determined, the incremental borrowing rate at inception of the lease to discount lease payments. Lease payments include all fixed payments per contract, variable payments linked to an index or rate, any amounts expected to be payables under a residual guarantee and the purchase price if the entity is reasonably certain it will exercise the option to purchase.

The Group subsequently measures the lease liability using the effective interest rate method. The lease liability is remeasured if there is a change in the variable payments linked to an index or rate, if the Group changes its assessment of whether or not it will exercise the option to purchase or option to renew the agreement, or if there is a change in the estimated amount payable under a residual value guarantee. The right-of-use asset is adjusted with the corresponding adjustment to the extent that the balance is reduced to zero, thereafter the adjustments are recognised in profit or loss.

The lease liability is represented as a separate line item in the statement of financial position.

The right-of-use asset is measured initially at cost which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability plus any lease payments made on or before commencement date, plus any direct cost incurred and an estimate of cost to dismantle or restore the underlying asset, less any lease incentives.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated, on a straight-line basis, over the lease term. Depreciation is recognised in profit or loss and presented as part of operating expenses. The right-of-use asset is annually assessed for impairment and adjusted for any remeasurements of the lease liability or modifications of the agreement.

The right-of-use asset is presented as a separate line in the statement of financial position.

Short-term leases and low-value assets

The Group has elected not to recognise a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all short-term leases with a lease term of 12 months or less and all low-value assets. The lease payments of these leases are recognised on a straightline basis over the lease term.

Short-term benefits

The cost of all short-term employee benefits is recognised as an expense during the period in which the employee renders the related service. Liabilities for employee entitlements to wages, salaries and leave represent the amount that the Group has a present obligation, as a result of employee services provided to the reporting date, to the extent that such obligation can be reliably estimated. The accruals have been calculated at discounted amounts based on current wage and salary rates.

Full-time employees of the Group are entitled to a profit incentive payment based on the performance of the Group. The Group thus has a present obligation as a result of the employee services provided to the reporting period, to the extent that such obligation can be reliably estimated. The accruals have been calculated at undiscounted amounts based on current wage and salary rates.

The cost of the share options is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in shareholders’ equity, over the vesting period ending on the date on which the service conditions are fulfilled and the employees become fully entitled to take up the share options. The cumulative expense recognised for share options granted at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the number of share option grants that will ultimately vest in the opinion of the directors of the Group, at that date. This is based on the best available estimate of the number of share options that will ultimately vest. No expense is recognised for share options that do not ultimately vest.

The cost of the share awards is recognised over the vesting period ending on the date on which the service conditions are fulfilled. The scheme plan has been classified as an equity-settled share-based payment. The recipient of the award shall be the registered and beneficial holder from the date of transfer of such shares. Where a share award is forfeited due to vesting conditions not being satisfied, the unvested portion of the awards will be transferred back to the Group.

Where the terms of the share options are modified, as a minimum, an expense is recognised as if the terms had not been modified. In addition, an expense is recognised for any increase in the value of the transactions, as a result of the modification, as measured at the date of modification.

Where a share option is forfeited prior to vesting, any expense previously recognised for the award is reversed immediately. Where an award is cancelled, other than an award cancelled by forfeiture when the vesting conditions are not satisfied, it is treated as if it vested on the date of cancellation, and any expense not yet recognised, is recognised immediately. If a new share option is substituted for the cancelled share option, and designated as a replacement share option on the date that it is granted, the cancelled and new share option grant are treated as if they were a modification of the original grant, as described above.

The dilutive effect of outstanding options and awards is reflected as a share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share (refer to note 10).

Under the equity method, the investment in the associate is carried in the statement of financial position at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the Group’s share of net assets of the associate. Goodwill relating to the associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is neither amortised nor individually tested for impairment.

Profit or loss in the statement of comprehensive income reflects the share of the results of operations of the associate in profit or loss. Any change in other comprehensive income of the associate is presented as part of the Group’s other comprehensive income. Where there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the associate, the Group recognises its share of any changes and discloses this, when applicable, in the statement of changes in equity. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the associate.

The share of profit of an associate is included in profit or loss. This is the profit attributable to equity holders of the associate and therefore is profit after tax and non-controlling interests in the subsidiaries of the associate.

The financial statements of the associate are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group. Where necessary, adjustments are made to bring the accounting policies in line with those of the Group.

After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognise an additional impairment loss on the Group’s investment in its associate. The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognises the amount in profit or loss.

Upon loss of significant influence over the associate, the Group measures and recognises any retaining investment at its fair value. Any difference between the carrying amount of the associate upon loss of significant influence and the fair value of the retaining investment and proceeds from disposal is recognised in profit or loss.

Turnover
Revenue from the sale of goods, or turnover, comprises sales to customers through its owned stores and the Group’s supply arrangements. Goods comprise tiles, bathroomware and related products. All turnover is stated exclusive of value added tax.

Turnover is recognised at a point in time when the Group transfers control of goods to its customer at the point of sale and is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of trade discounts. Discounts to customers are deducted from turnover. Payment of the transaction price in respect of sale of goods is due immediately when the customer purchases goods and takes delivery.

The Group does not expect to have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year. As a consequence, the Group does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.

Royalty and franchise income
The Group earns royalties and other franchise income from its network of franchised stores. Income from franchisees, calculated as a percentage of the sale of goods by franchisees through their point of sale to their customers, in accordance with the substance of the relevant franchise agreement, is recognised at a point in time as franchisee income when the sale that gives rise to the income takes place.

Company

Finance income
Interest income is recognised over time as it accrues in the statement of comprehensive income, using the effective interest rate method, by reference to the principal amounts outstanding and at the interest rate applicable. Dividend income is recognised when the shareholder’s right to receive payment is established.

Management fee
The Company charges its wholly owned subsidiary a management fee for services rendered by its Board and other related services. The management fees are recognised when services have been rendered.

Property rental income
Property rental income comprises variable rent payments received by the Group based on a contractual percentage of monthly franchisee turnover.